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What are stomas and how do they work?

What Is A Stoma?

If you’ve never heard of a stoma before, you might be wondering what exactly it is. In simple terms, a stoma is an opening in the body that is surgically created to allow for the passage of bodily waste. This opening is typically made in the abdomen and can either be temporary or permanent, depending on the patient’s medical condition. The anatomy of a stoma is relatively simple. It consists of a protruding piece of intestine that is brought to the surface of the skin. The opening in the skin is known as the stoma itself, and a special pouch is worn over it to collect waste.

How do stomas work?

Stomas work by rerouting bodily waste through the stoma and into the collection pouch. This allows waste to bypass a damaged or diseased part of the digestive system or urinary system. The waste is then disposed of by emptying the collection pouch as needed.

Types of Stomas

  1. Colostomy: This type of stoma is created in the colon, which is the large intestine. A colostomy is typically created to treat conditions such as colon cancer, diverticulitis, or inflammatory bowel disease.
    1. End colostomy: An end colostomy is created when the end of the colon is brought through the abdominal wall to form the stoma. This is usually done when the lower part of the colon or rectum is removed or when there is a blockage in the colon. The end colostomy is permanent, and the stool that passes through it is solid.
    2. Loop colostomy: A loop colostomy is created when a loop of the colon is brought to the surface of the abdomen. The loop is then divided, and one end is brought out as a stoma. The loop colostomy is usually temporary and is created to give the lower part of the colon time to heal after surgery. The stool that passes through a loop colostomy is usually liquid or semi-solid.
  2. Ileostomy: An ileostomy is created in the small intestine. This type of stoma is typically created to treat conditions such as ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, or familial adenomatous polyposis.
    1. End ileostomy: An end ileostomy is created when the end of the small intestine, called the ileum, is brought to the surface of the abdomen to form the stoma. This is usually done when the colon and rectum are removed, such as in the case of ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, or familial adenomatous polyposis. The end ileostomy is permanent, and the stool that passes through it is liquid.
    2. Loop ileostomy: A loop ileostomy is created when a loop of the small intestine is brought to the surface of the abdomen. The loop is then divided, and one end is brought out as a stoma. The loop ileostomy is usually temporary and is created to give the lower part of the small intestine time to heal after surgery. The stool that passes through a loop ileostomy is usually liquid or semi-solid.
  3. Urostomy: A urostomy is created in the urinary system to allow for the passage of urine. This type of stoma is typically created to treat conditions such as bladder cancer, spinal cord injuries, or neurogenic bladder dysfunction.
It’s important to note that the type of stoma created will depend on the specific medical condition being treated and the goals of the surgery. Your healthcare team will work with you to determine the best type of stoma for your individual needs.

What’s the difference between a stoma and a colostomy bag?

A stoma and a colostomy bag are related, but they are not the same thing. A stoma is a surgical opening created on the abdomen that allows bodily waste or urine to be diverted out of the body. The stoma is created by bringing a section of the intestine or urinary system to the surface of the skin and attaching it to the abdominal wall. The stoma appears as a small, pinkish, moist opening on the skin. A colostomy bag, on the other hand, is a device that is attached to the stoma to collect and contain bodily waste. The colostomy bag is a plastic pouch that is placed over the stoma and attached to the skin with a special adhesive. The waste material is collected in the bag and can be emptied or changed as needed. In short, a stoma is the opening on the abdomen, while a colostomy bag is the device that is attached to the stoma to collect waste. The type of bag used will depend on the type of stoma and the individual’s needs. Some people may use a one-piece bag, while others may use a two-piece system that allows for easier bag changes. Your healthcare team will work with you to determine the best type of bag for your individual needs.

Why someone would need a stoma?

Stomas are primarily used to treat conditions that affect the digestive or urinary system. Some common conditions that may be treated with stomas include:
  • Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
  • Bowel cancer
  • Bladder cancer
  • Diverticulitis
  • Birth defects
Stomas can be temporary or permanent, depending on the patient’s medical condition. Temporary stomas are often used to allow the body to heal after surgery or to divert waste away from an area that needs to heal. Permanent stomas are often necessary when part of the digestive or urinary system needs to be removed due to disease or injury.

How are stomas inserted?

The process of creating a stoma involves surgery. Before the surgery, the patient will need to undergo several pre-operative preparations, such as fasting and bowel preparation. The surgical procedure itself typically takes a few hours and involves creating the stoma and securing it to the skin. After the surgery, the patient will need to stay in the hospital for a few days for observation and recovery. The placement of the stoma is also an important consideration, as it can affect clothing and daily activities. Your healthcare team will work with you to determine the best location for the stoma, taking into account factors such as body shape and the location of scars from previous surgeries.

How long someone usually has to have a stoma

The length of time someone needs to have a stoma depends on the patient’s medical condition. Temporary stomas are usually in place for a few weeks or months, while permanent stomas are, as the name suggests, permanent. However, some patients may be able to have their stomas reversed if their medical condition improves.

Complications associated with stomas

Like any surgical procedure, creating a stoma carries some risks. Short-term complications may include bleeding, infection, and stoma blockage, while long-term complications may include hernias, prolapse, and skin irritation around the stoma. It’s important to discuss any concerns with your doctor and seek medical attention if you experience any symptoms.

Caring For Your Stoma

Caring for a stoma and collection pouch is an important part of post-surgery management. Your healthcare team will provide detailed instructions on how to change the pouch, manage odor, and keep the area clean. These instructions are important to prevent complications such as skin irritation or infection. Getting familiar with your stoma equipment is essential. A dedicated stoma nurse will teach you how to clean your stoma and change your bag, while also offering valuable advice. Various types of ileostomy, colostomy, and urostomy bags are available, and your nurse will help you determine the most suitable one for your needs. Below are some tips for caring for your stoma post surgery:
  • Make sure your skin is clean and dry prior to attaching the pouch.
  • Don’t use products that use alcohol as they can be too drying to the skin. Along the same lines, don’t use oil basd products, as they can make the skin to slippery and may make it hard to attache the pouch to the skin.
  • If you have hair on the skin around your stoma, your doctor may recommend removing it to help the pounch stick. Talk to your doctor about the best way to remove the hair from the stoma.
  • Be sure to always checkthe skin around your stoma when changing your pouch to check for irritation. If you do see any irritation and it doesn’t go away, call your doctor right away.
There may also be dietary changes to consider after stoma surgery. Your healthcare team will provide guidance on which foods to eat and which to avoid, as well as any supplements or medications that may be needed to maintain proper nutrition. There are many support and resources are available for people with stomas. Support groups and advocacy organizations can provide valuable information, as well as emotional support for patients and their families. Talk to your doctor to learn more about the resources available to you for support.

Day To Day Life With Your Stoma

Managing daily life with a stoma requires some adjustments, but with the right support and guidance, it becomes a part of your routine. Healthcare professionals who specialize in stoma care can provide invaluable assistance during this transition.

Diet Considerations

When it comes to diet, your eating habits may change initially. Gradually, you can work your way up to having three meals a day, promoting more predictable bowel movements. Maintaining a well-balanced diet that incorporates your favorite foods is encouraged. Properly chewing your food reduces the workload on your digestive system. Some foods may lead to increased flatulence, so it might be helpful to limit or avoid them.

Sports And Exercise

Engaging in sports and exercise is still very much possible with a stoma. There are specially designed supports, bags, and caps that can be used to cover and protect your stoma while swimming or participating in physical activities.

Travel

If you plan to travel after surgery, it’s important to consult with your surgeon, especially if air travel is involved, as there may be an increased risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Additionally, ensure that you pack an adequate supply of stoma-related materials for the duration of your trip.

Sex And Intimacy

Intimacy and sexual activity can be resumed once your body has healed from surgery. Engaging in sexual intercourse does not pose any harm to your stoma. (Although it’s a good idea to empty your pouch before intimacy to help minimize the chances of unexpected incidents.) It’s crucial to communicate openly with your partner about your feelings and concerns regarding sex and intimacy. Make sure to let them know how you feel – you may find that you grow closer because of this open communication. Ultimately, adjusting to life with a stoma takes time and support. Embracing the guidance of healthcare professionals and maintaining open communication with loved ones can help ensure a fulfilling and confident life with a stoma.

Questions for your doctor

Stoma surgery carries some risks, and it’s important to discuss any concerns with your doctor. However, with proper care and management, many patients are able to live full and healthy lives with a stoma. If you’re considering stoma surgery or have already had a stoma created, it’s important to ask your doctor any questions you may have. Some questions you may want to consider include:
  • What are the risks
  • What can I expect during the recovery process?
  • How do I care for my stoma and collection pouch?
  • Will I need to make any dietary changes?
  • Are there any activities I should avoid?
  • What are my options if I experience complications?
Your doctor can provide you with more specific information based on your medical history and individual circumstances. Living with a stoma may feel difficult at first, and may cause you to experience both physical and emotional challenges. However, with proper care and management, many patients are able to live full and healthy lives with a stoma.

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Medicaid is the nation’s public health insurance program designed for individuals and families who may be low-income, elderly, or disabled. The Medicaid program covers more than 1 in 5 Americans, including many with complex and costly needs for care. With over 74 million Americans relying on Medicaid, it is the largest single source of health coverage in the U.S. The program ensures that qualifying individuals can access medically necessary products, including incontinence supplies, urological supplies, and other medical necessities, as well as healthcare and long-term care services.

Urinary incontinence is a prevalent condition that impacts over 25 million people in the U.S., including more than half of all seniors. Managing incontinence can be challenging, especially for those on a limited income, as the cost of incontinence briefs, underpads, and other bladder control supplies can quickly add up.

Fortunately, for many individuals on Medicaid, coverage is available for the medical supplies needed to effectively manage incontinence, provided there is a qualifying medical diagnosis. This coverage ensures that individuals receive the necessary products to maintain their health and quality of life.

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Comfort Meets Confidence: Washable Incontinence Underwear Designed for Men

When it comes to bladder leaks, most men are familiar with disposable pads or guards. They’re the go-to solution—widely available, easy to use, and instantly replaceable. But what if there were a better option?

What many don’t realize is that washable incontinence underwear has come a long way. Thanks to innovations in fabric technology and thoughtful design, today’s washable options offer dependable protection in a form that looks and feels like regular underwear—without the drawbacks of disposables.